河(he)(he)北(bei)承(cheng)德專區漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)址(zhi),礦(kuang)(kuang)井約有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)百多米(mi)深(shen),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)采礦(kuang)(kuang)場(chang)上,遺(yi)留有(you)(you)(you)(you)坑木,整齊地堆成(cheng)四方形,有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)米(mi)多高(gao)(gao),已(yi)經朽壞。有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)坑木被壓斷,坑道(dao)里(li)尚有(you)(you)(you)(you)未(wei)運(yun)走的(de)(de)礦(kuang)(kuang)石(shi)。礦(kuang)(kuang)石(shi)從坑道(dao)頂端（即掌子面(mian)）開采下(xia)來后,先運(yun)到(dao)采礦(kuang)(kuang)場(chang),然后從礦(kuang)(kuang)井中(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)出去,由于(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)含錫量高(gao)(gao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)表面(mian)的(de)(de)拋光(guang)。銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)加人(ren)一(yi)定量的(de)(de)鉛(qian),是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)鉛(qian)溶液環(huan)流(liu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)良好(hao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)熱溶液的(de)(de)平均流(liu)注(zhu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)助于(yu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)面(mian)干整,減少(shao)氣泡(pao),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)鑄(zhu)造文(wen)(wen)字和花紋的(de)(de)清晰度。 值得(de)一(yi)提(ti)的(de)(de)是(shi),在(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種奇特的(de)(de)銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)——透光(guang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。[摘 要(yao)]漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不僅凝(ning)練著銅(tong)與(yu)火的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術,同(tong)時它還是(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)化藝(yi)(yi)術、歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)與(yu)地域集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)體現者,在(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)世界(jie)里(li),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不僅因(yin)(yin)為(wei)它依地域為(wei)名(ming),而(er)且以(yi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)為(wei)原(yuan)料制成(cheng)的(de)(de)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)憑(ping)其優秀的(de)(de)銅(tong)質(zhi)和精湛鑄(zhu)造工藝(yi)(yi),名(ming)冠天下(xia)。 [關(guan)(guan)鍵詞]漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing) 你丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡 地域 銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang) 丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing) 漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)是(shi)我國銅(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing) ...南昌(chang)事(shi)業(ye)單位(wei)(wei)信息：2019公開選聘南昌(chang)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)海昏侯國遺(yi)址(zhi)博物館領導干部(bu)擬任(ren)公示由江(jiang)西事(shi)業(ye)單位(wei)(wei)考(kao)試網提(ti)供,報(bao)名(ming)時間：,請考(kao)生多加關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)。更多關(guan)(guan)于(yu)江(jiang)西華圖事(shi)業(ye)單位(wei)(wei)考(kao)試信息,關(guan)(guan)注(zhu)江(jiang)西事(shi)業(ye) …直至魏晉(jin)時,徐州(zhou)銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)仍負盛名(ming)。《古鑒銘》："漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)善銅(tong)出丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)"之(zhi)詞。據考(kao),漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)縣即現江(jiang)寧縣小(xiao)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮（位(wei)(wei)于(yu)當涂(tu)東北(bei)）,似可認為(wei)小(xiao)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)東、橫溪(xi)以(yi)南的(de)(de)橫山(shan)等地銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)床在(zai)(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)即已(yi)被開采 …一(yi)、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)東銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)開采的(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)記(ji)錄 在(zai)(zai)反(fan)映(ying)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)傳世文(wen)(wen)獻中(zhong)(zhong),河(he)(he)東銅(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)開采 的(de)(de)正面(mian)記(ji)載極為(wei)罕見。不過,當時流(liu)傳的(de)(de)一(yi)個故事(shi) 以(yi)曲(qu)折(zhe)隱晦的(de)(de)方式道(dao)出了(le)開采的(de)(de)盛況(kuang)。漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)武帝時,齊地方士公孫卿(qing)假托齊人(ren)申公曰： "黃帝采首(shou)山(shan)銅(tong),鑄(zhu)鼎于(yu)荊(jing)山(shan)下(xia)。

銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)含(han)錫(xi)量(liang)較高的(de)(de)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鑄造(zao)。在古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),最早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)商代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)來祭祀的(de)(de)禮器出現(xian),在春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國(guo)至秦一(yi)般(ban)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)王和(he)貴族才能(neng)享用(yong),到西(xi)漢(han)(han)末期銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)慢(man)慢(man)的(de)(de)走(zou)向民間,是(shi)(shi)人(ren)們不可(ke)缺少的(de)(de)生活(huo)用(yong)具(ju)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)制作精良,形態(tai)美觀,圖紋華(hua)麗,銘文(wen)豐富,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)藝術文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)產中(zhong)的(de)(de)瑰寶,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)(lv)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)(yu)湖北(bei)省(sheng)大(da)(da)冶市城西(xi)南3公(gong)里(li)處(chu),面積(ji)2平(ping)方(fang)千(qian)米。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)(lv)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)冶遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)商朝(chao)早(zao)(zao)期至漢(han)(han)朝(chao)的(de)(de)采(cai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)冶銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),考古(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)(lv)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)開采(cai)時間可(ke)追溯到夏(xia)朝(chao)早(zao)(zao)期,1973年(nian)(nian)起發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)。1982年(nian)(nian)國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位。照壁(bi)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)簡介相關圖 這(zhe)兩處(chu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)上世紀八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)重點遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 照壁(bi)山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在漢(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)已(yi)有(you)(you)了大(da)(da)規模的(de)(de)開采(cai),分為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)洞區、冶煉(lian)(lian)區和(he)居住遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)個部分。菜園文(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬原(yuan)始社會新石器時代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),由居住遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)墓葬(zang)組成。 多年(nian)(nian)來,文(wen)物工(gong)作者(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)這(zhe)兩處(chu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行過(guo)多次(ci)調查,對(dui)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de) ...2017年(nian)(nian)11月21日,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)(lv)山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)(yu)湖北(bei)大(da)(da)冶市金湖街辦,于(yu)(yu)1973年(nian)(nian)被發(fa)(fa)現(xian),1974—1985年(nian)(nian)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)作者(zhe)(zhe)對(dui)該遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行了11年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue),已(yi)知這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)處(chu)以(yi)采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)冶煉(lian)(lian)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)核心(xin)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)冶遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),采(cai)冶年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)始于(yu)(yu)商代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),經西(xi)周、春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國(guo)延續(xu)至漢(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),持續(xu)時間長達一(yi)千(qian)余年(nian)(nian)。五、漢(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)： ? 比較重要的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)二(er)處(chu)：一(yi)處(chu)是(shi)(shi)河北(bei) 省(sheng)承德(de)(de)興隆地區,年(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)漢(han)(han),遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括(kuo)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)井(jing)、 選礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)場(chang)和(he)冶煉(lian)(lian)工(gong)場(chang)等,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)處(chu)專門采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和(he)冶 煉(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)料的(de)(de)地方(fang) 。羅平(ping)：《河北(bei)承德(de)(de)專區漢(han)(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang) 冶遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)調查》,《考古(gu)(gu)(gu)通訊(xun)》57-1 ?德(de)(de)興銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)位于(yu)(yu)懷玉山(shan)(shan)脈孔雀山(shan)(shan)下,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)大(da)(da)露(lu)天銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang),也是(shi)(shi)亞洲,世界第二(er)大(da)(da)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。德(de)(de)興銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)擁有(you)(you)豐富可(ke)靠的(de)(de)資(zi)源,銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)金屬儲量(liang)占(zhan)全國(guo)位,礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)藏特點是(shi)(shi)儲量(liang)大(da)(da)而(er)集中(zhong),埋(mai)藏淺,剝采(cai)比小,礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)石可(ke)選性好,綜合利(li)用(yong)元素多。

漢(han)(han)(han)代鉛(qian)錠 漢(han)(han)(han)代鉛(qian)錠（容縣(xian)博物館藏） 漢(han)(han)(han)代鉛(qian)錠,共3塊,重(zhong)(zhong)8.35千(qian)克(ke)(ke),1973年容縣(xian)石(shi)頭鎮石(shi)頭村(cun)月(yue)鏡嶺出土。色灰白,一塊呈剖邊圓木狀,另兩塊為(wei)饅頭形(xing)凸面(mian)圓餅狀,古(gu)羅馬(ma)(ma)與(yu)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)漢(han)(han)(han)代人(ren)物形(xing)象(xiang)特(te)(te)點對(dui)比 漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷史(shi)上(shang)空前強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo),創造(zao)了(le)(le)燦爛(lan)輝煌的(de)(de)文明,與(yu)稍晚(wan)興起于歐(ou)洲的(de)(de)羅馬(ma)(ma)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東(dong)、西遙相并立。 后(hou)世多(duo)將(jiang)漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)和(he)約(yue)略同(tong)時(shi)期在歐(ou)洲的(de)(de)羅馬(ma)(ma)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)并列為(wei)當時(shi)世界上(shang)進及(ji)文明的(de)(de)強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。 本文主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)對(dui)兩國(guo)(guo)(guo)胡(hu)人(ren)物形(xing)象(xiang)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)點進行簡要(yao)(yao)對(dui)比。漢(han)(han)(han)代的(de)(de)新(xin)疆各(ge)民族 漢(han)(han)(han)代,新(xin)疆地(di)區的(de)(de)古(gu)代民族主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有塞、月(yue)氏(shi) (音:肉支rouzhi)、烏孫、羌、匈奴和(he)漢(han)(han)(han)人(ren)。 塞人(ren),在西方史(shi)籍中被(bei)稱為(wei)"薩迦(jia)",原 ...漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)（包括西漢(han)(han)(han)和(he)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)）內部(bu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)以五(wu)銖錢為(wei)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi),是(shi)一種以銅(tong)為(wei)原料制造(zao)的(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)。在它(ta)以前,漢(han)(han)(han)朝(chao)的(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)幣(bi)十(shi)分混亂,種類繁多(duo)且偷(tou)工減料,有大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)如(ru)某些刀幣(bi),長(chang)十(shi)九厘米,重(zhong)(zhong)五(wu)十(shi)多(duo)克(ke)(ke)；小的(de)(de)如(ru)莢(jia)錢,直徑不(bu)到一厘米,象(xiang)豌(wan)豆那么一粒,攜(xie)帶(dai)與(yu)計數都很不(bu)方便(bian)。銅(tong)綠山(shan)又名"銅(tong)錄(lu)山(shan)",銅(tong)綠山(shan)遺(yi)(yi)址是(shi)一處西周至(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)代時(shi)期的(de)(de)銅(tong)礦開采(cai)與(yu)冶(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址,總面(mian)積約(yue)8平方公(gong)(gong)里,位于湖北省大(da)(da)(da)冶(ye)縣(xian)西。 南北長(chang)2公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)西寬1公(gong)(gong)里。地(di)表積存(cun)了(le)(le)約(yue)40萬噸古(gu)代煉銅(tong)渣(zha),是(shi)一處規模(mo)龐(pang)大(da)(da)(da),保存(cun)完(wan)好,埋藏豐(feng)富,延續時(shi)間長(chang)的(de)(de)古(gu)代礦冶(ye)基地(di)。四(si)川在線眉山(shan)頻道(dao)訊(鐘向榮(rong) 記者(zhe) 袁洋)"重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)發現!出土的(de)(de)這些陶片,從(cong)布紋及(ji)打磨(mo)的(de)(de)光滑度判斷,至(zhi)低出于漢(han)(han)(han)代,甚至(zhi)是(shi)先(xian)秦或新(xin)石(shi)器晚(wan)期之 ...

根據出(chu)土文物(wu)的(de)(de)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),考古人員推測(ce)該銅(tong)(tong)礦最晚在漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi)已有(you)(you)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)紀錄,且(qie)直至西夏、元朝時(shi)(shi)仍有(you)(you)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)(he)開(kai)(kai)采(cai)活(huo)動 [1]: 28 [a]。2006年(nian),照壁山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦遺(yi)址(zhi)被(bei)列(lie)為全(quan)國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位 [3]。當年(nian)8月,照壁山(shan)(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦被(bei)認定(ding)為中華人民共和(he)(he)(he)國西北(bei)地(di)區已發現的(de)(de)最古老銅(tong)(tong)礦,漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)社會對河(he)東地(di)區中條(tiao)山(shan)(shan)一帶的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)礦 進(jin)行大規模開(kai)(kai)采(cai),在此基礎上,河(he)東的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鑄造業(ye)興盛(sheng)(sheng),產品既供應(ying)本地(di),也銷往關(guan)中以(yi)及河(he)北(bei)地(di)區,為官(guan)府及貴族所青睞。在漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)產業(ye)鏈條(tiao)中,河(he)東本地(di)側重(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)鑄造生活(huo)類銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),并(bing)且(qie)擔負(fu)著開(kai)(kai)采(cai)、冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)任(ren) ...工業(ye)上銅(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian) 古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)： 濕(shi)法煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong) Fe + CuSO4 ═ Cu + FeSO4 漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)記載(zai)"石膽能化(hua)鐵為銅(tong)(tong)" 新型冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)技(ji)術(shu)： 電(dian)解精煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian) （1）高溫冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)黃銅(tong)(tong)礦(CuFeS2) （2）生物(wu)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)銅(tong)(tong)等(deng) 高純度銅(tong)(tong) 到現在為止我們學了哪些能冶(ye)煉(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)出(chu)金 屬的(de)(de)方法?分別適合(he)于(yu)哪些金屬? 2NaCl 2Al2O3 2Al公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)選(xuan)聘(pin)南(nan)昌漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)海昏(hun)(hun)侯(hou)國遺(yi)址(zhi)博物(wu)館(guan) 領導(dao)干(gan)部擬(ni)任(ren)公(gong)(gong)示 根據《黨政領導(dao)干(gan)部選(xuan)拔任(ren)用(yong)工作條(tiao)例》和(he)(he)(he)《公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)選(xuan)聘(pin)南(nan)昌漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)海昏(hun)(hun)侯(hou)國遺(yi)址(zhi)博物(wu)館(guan)領導(dao)干(gan)部公(gong)(gong)告》要求,經(jing)筆(bi)試(shi)、面試(shi)、考察、體檢等(deng)環節,經(jing)研究,確(que)定(ding)王(wang)小琴(qin)等(deng)4名(ming)(ming)同(tong)志為本次公(gong)(gong)開(kai)(kai)選(xuan)聘(pin)擬(ni)任(ren)人選(xuan)（名(ming)(ming)單附后）。盛(sheng)(sheng)世文藏(zang)網(wang)藏(zang)品鑒(jian)賞：漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)灰(hui)陶谷倉罐(guan)、和(he)(he)(he)田青白玉(yu)手鐲(zhuo)等(deng) 盛(sheng)(sheng)世文藏(zang)網(wang)（Artmai）創建(jian)于(yu)2010年(nian),是經(jing)多家海內外藝(yi)術(shu)品拍賣公(gong)(gong)司聯合(he)投資創立。立足于(yu)傳統藝(yi)術(shu)品交易模式,以(yi)互聯網(wang)為媒介,順應(ying)互聯網(wang)+文化(hua)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)行業(ye)大趨勢(shi)。漢(han)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)用(yong)青銅(tong)(tong)制成的(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu),包括各(ge)種(zhong)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(食器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、酒(jiu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)水器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）、烹飪器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、用(yong)具、兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、樂器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、度量衡器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),等(deng)等(deng)。總(zong)的(de)(de)說(shuo)來,和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)周時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)相比,禮(li)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)比重(zhong)(zhong)大減,生活(huo)用(yong)品的(de)(de)種(zhong)類和(he)(he)(he)數量增多,而兵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則因被(bei)鐵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)取代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)而不斷(duan)減少(shao)。

漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)除了繼續沿用戰國鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)外,的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing) 有：蟠螭紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、蟠虺紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、章(zhang)草紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、星云鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、云雷(lei)連弧(hu)(hu)(hu)紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、鳥獸(shou)紋(wen)規矩(ju)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、重(zhong)列(lie)式(shi)神(shen)獸(shou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、連弧(hu)(hu)(hu)紋(wen)銘文(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、重(zhong)圈銘文(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、四乳(ru)(ru)禽(qin)獸(shou)紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、多(duo)乳(ru)(ru)禽(qin)獸(shou)紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、變形四葉鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、神(shen)獸(shou)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、畫像鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、龍虎(hu)紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、日(ri)光連弧(hu)(hu)(hu)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、四乳(ru)(ru)神(shen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)、七乳(ru)(ru)四神(shen)禽(qin)獸(shou)紋(wen)鏡(jing)(jing)(jing)等(deng),礦(kuang)(kuang)體礦(kuang)(kuang)石平均銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)含量(liang)1.065...礦(kuang)(kuang)井內采集五(wu)塊礦(kuang)(kuang)石的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)多(duo)在1.665-3.783%之間,但個別高達(da)8.685% 看(kan)來銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)是很(hen)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此,那些公布含銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)量(liang)達(da)50%以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所謂(wei)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)或天(tian)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔雀石,看(kan)來應該(gai)有經(jing)過人工干(gan)預的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang) 甚(shen)多(duo)。據文(wen)獻記載,并參(can)照(zhao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文(wen),當時(shi)(shi)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)有丹陽郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丹陽、蜀郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴道、犍為(wei)郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堂(tang)瑯和(he)犍為(wei)屬國的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朱提、越(yue)嶲郡(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邛都(dou)和(he)青(qing)蛉(ling)等(deng)處。在河北省興隆縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽王墳和(he)山西省運(yun)城縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)溝分(fen)別勘查到(dao)西漢前期和(he)東漢 ...照(zhao)壁山銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于寧(ning)夏回族(zu)自治區中衛市鎮羅鎮以北,為(wei)我國西北最(zui)古老(lao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),由田古礦(kuang)(kuang)洞(dong)(dong)、冶(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)和(he)居(ju)住遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)三(san)部分(fen)組成,1987年被發現。在遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)圓約(yue)1公里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)內有古銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)27座。部分(fen)礦(kuang)(kuang)洞(dong)(dong)已(yi)受到(dao)后(hou)期人工開采的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞,大部分(fen)洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)已(yi)被山洪(hong)堆積(ji)物(wu)封(feng)閉,洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)附近都(dou)留(liu)有大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)渣(zha)堆積(ji)。漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)有時(shi)(shi)還用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俑和(he)車馬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模型隨葬(zang)。雷(lei)臺漢墓出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)車、馬及(ji)騎馬武士,在造(zao)型和(he)鑄造(zao)技術上(shang)達(da)到(dao)了很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平。 造(zao)型和(he)紋(wen)飾 漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型,已(yi)擺脫了商(shang)周銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器那種莊嚴、厚重(zhong)、古拙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作風,顯得比較靈便(bian)、輕巧,適應于現實生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要。年 代(dai)(dai)(dai)：約(yue)為(wei)公元前9世紀～公元1世紀。 發掘年代(dai)(dai)(dai)：1973～1985年。 簡 介：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)山又(you)名"銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)錄山",銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)綠(lv)山遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是一(yi)處西周至(zhi)漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)(kuang)開采與冶(ye)煉遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),總面積(ji)約(yue)8平方(fang)公里,地表積(ji)存(cun)了約(yue)40萬噸古代(dai)(dai)(dai)煉銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)渣(zha),是一(yi)處規模龐大,保(bao)存(cun)完好,埋藏豐富,延續時(shi)(shi)間長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)礦(kuang)(kuang)冶(ye)基地。